Stormwater treatment

The problem of stormwater is often considered only from the “hydraulic” point of view, and not from the “depurative” point of view. Actually, runoff water coming from every kind of surface collect during its path some quantity of solid and organic materials that were deposited on the surface, bringing to the presence of significative concentrations of pollutants, often greater than the limit values imposed by existing laws.

By now, applications of constructed wetlands for the treatment of stormwater coming from runoff on impervious surfaces (urban areas, squares of industrial areas, highways, airports, etc) are very numerous at the international level and are often indicated as “Best Management Practices” in reducing diffuse pollution (NSW, 1998; Shutes ed altri, 1997 e 1999; EPA, 1999). Constructed wetlands used for treating stormwater are in general constituted of semi-natural free water surface systems, and more rarely with horizontal subsurface flow systems, with high hydraulic retention times due to the discontinuous alimentation related to the presence of rain events.

t is important to consider how the practice of treating stormwater, beside assuring protection of the environment from a heavy diffuse pollution, can bring remarkable advantages in term of sustainable management of water resource: water exiting the treating system, in fact, is often characterized by a level of quality that allows its reuse for less noble purposes, like for example washing water, cooling water, irrigation, storage for fire emergences, etc.